Castle History

Perched high above Salzburg, Hohensalzburg Castle has dominated the skyline since its initial construction in 1077 under Archbishop Gebhard. What began as a modest defensive structure gradually expanded into one of the largest fully preserved medieval castles in Europe. The archbishops of Salzburg strengthened and enlarged it over the centuries to assert both their spiritual authority and secular power. During the late Middle Ages, extensive fortifications were added to protect the region from potential invasions and regional conflicts. A significant phase of expansion occurred under Archbishop Leonhard von Keutschach in the early 1500s, giving the fortress much of its present appearance. Its storied walls survived numerous turbulent eras, including the Peasants' War of 1525, when rebels attempted to storm the stronghold but failed. The castle remained unconquered throughout its history, a testament to its strategic design and impressive military architecture. Inside, visitors can explore richly decorated chambers that once served as residences for Salzburg's ruling archibishops. The elegant Princes' Apartments reveal Renaissance-era ornamentation that contrasts with the fortress's rugged exterior. A unique feature is the medieval Salzburg Bull, a large aerophone organ designed to intimidate opponents and announce important events. Over time, the fortress shifted from a military bastion to a symbol of Salzburg's heritage and civic identity. Its whitewashed walls and commanding towers became iconic landmarks recognized across Austria and beyond. Modern restoration efforts have preserved the site while opening its museums and courtyards to millions of annual visitors. Today, Hohensalzburg Castle stands not only as a protective relic of the past but also as a cultural treasure overlooking the baroque beauty of Salzburg.