Castle History

Dominating the skyline from its volcanic perch on Castle Rock, Edinburgh Castle is one of the oldest fortified sites in Scotland. Archaeological evidence shows human occupation here dating back to the Iron Age. By the early Middle Ages, it had become a vital royal stronghold and seat of Scottish kings. The castle witnessed the birth of King James VI in 1566, inside the small and beautifully preserved Royal Palace. Throughout the Wars of Scottish Independence, it was fiercely fought over by English and Scottish forces. Robert the Bruce famously recaptured it in 1314, ordering the fortress destroyed to prevent future English use. Over time, successive monarchs rebuilt and expanded the castle, creating the structures seen today. St. Margaret's Chapel, the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh, dates from the 12th century and sits quietly within the walls. The Great Hall, completed under James IV, once hosted royal feasts and political gatherings of immense importance. During later centuries, the castle shifted from royal residence to military fortress and national symbol. It served as a prison for foreign soldiers, particularily during the Jacobite uprisings and Napoleonic Wars. The Crown Jewels of Scotland and the Stone of Destiny are now displayed there, linking the site to ancient kingship. Daily life is punctuated by the firing of the One O'Clock Gun, a tradition dating back to 1861. Today, Edinburgh Castle stands as one of Scotland's most visited landmarks, embodying the nation's turbulent past and enduring pride.