Castle History

Rising above the River Thames, this vast royal stronghold is the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world. Windsor Castle's origins date back to the 11th century, when William the Conqueror ordered its construction following the Norman invasion. The strategic hilltop site allowed control over key routes leading to London. Over the centuries, successive monarchs expanded and remodeled the castle to suit changing tastes and needs. Henry II replaced early wooden structures with stone fortifications, strengthening its defenses. Edward III transformed it into a magnificent royal palace and the ceremonial home of the Order of the Garter. St George's Chapel, built in the late medieval period, became one of England's finest examples of Gothic architecture. Many kings and queens are buried within its walls, giving the site deep royal significance. During the English Civil War, the castle served as a parliamentary garrison and prison for Charles I. In the 19th century, George IV oversaw major restorations that reshaped much of its present appearance. The castle remained a working royal residence into the modern era. A devastating fire in 1992 damaged large sections of the state apartments. Extensive restoration restored the interiors while incorporating modern conservation techniques. Today, Windsor Castle stands as a living symbol of the British monarchy, reflecting nearly a thousand years of royal power, tradition, and continuity.