Castle History

Set high above the town of Bellinzona, Castelgrande commands views over the valley and key Alpine routes. Archaeological evidence shows that the rocky promontory was occupied as far back as the Neolithic period. The site became increasingly fortified during the Roman era due to its strategic position. Major development occured in the Middle Ages when the Dukes of Milan strengthened the fortifications to control access to northern Italy. Thick defensive walls and imposing towers were added to secure the pass against rival powers. Over centuries, continual conflicts between the Swiss Confederation and the Duchy of Milan shaped the structure's evolution. The fortress played a crucial role during the 15th-century wars as competing forces fought over dominance in the region. After the Swiss gained control in 1500, the stronghold saw further modification to adapt to changing military needs. Its distinctive White and Black Towers became iconic landmarks overlooking the city. Rediscovery and restoration efforts in the 20th century revitalized the complex and revealed its deep historical layers. Archaeologists uncovered remnants of ancient walls, medieval buildings, and long-buried foundations. Today Castelgrande is recognized as part of a UNESCO World Heritage ensemble along with the nearby castles of Montebello and Sasso Corbaro. Visitors walk through its open courtyards, galleries, and ramparts to experience centuries of military architecture. The mighty structure endures as a testament to the strategic importance of Bellinzona's crossroads throughout history.